First do all correspondence in written. Send him scanned proof as what ever you have intimated for HDFC bank
try to contact top person incharge in ICICI Credit card dpt.
I can do only it for you.
Same case had happened with me through SBI CREDIT CARD. But they never charged me even those people called me to deposit another cheque within two days.
had ICICI's People called you?????

Hi,

The customer care will generally remove the charges if you explain that the mistake was at their end. If they
refuse to do so even though the mistake is at their
end ,ask them to cancel your card and refuse the
payment of the wrong charges.

In general avoid cheque payments because these people
will take their own time to process and then if it
crosses the deadline they will charge you extra.

1 - Check your statement against which you've made this payment. What does it
say? Payment in favor of ICICI Bank Ltd. or ICICI Bank Credit Card No. ??
2 - If as you say it is clearly mentioned on the statement and there is no error
on your part, tell them to go fly a kite and that the cheque should be
deposited. Else, ask them in WRITING the reason for not accepting the cheque and
do tell them you'll see them in consumer court where they'll not only accept the
cheque but also pay a lot of punitive damages.
3 - Ensure you speak to them in a very frustated, agitated tone
4 - Take the request number for the complaint.
5 - In most probability, they'll tell you that they'll reverse the charges next
month. Do tell them that you are not going to pay the additional charges levied.
Ask them to tell you the amount you need to pay this month WITHOUT the addl.
charges. Take a request number for this as well.

All the best.
Nitin